NAMING ALKANES AND CYCLOALKANES
Alkane
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single.
In organic chemistry, an alkane, or paraffin, is an acyclic saturated hydrocarbon. In other words, an alkane consists of hydrogen and carbon atoms arranged in a tree structure in which all the carbon–carbon bonds are single.
Find and name the longest continuous carbon chain.
Identify and name groups attached to this chain.
Number the chain consecutively, starting at the end nearest a substituent group.
Designate the location of each substituent group by an appropriate number and name.
Assemble the name, listing groups in alphabetical order.
Cycloalkanes
are cyclic hydrocarbons, meaning that the carbons of the molecule are arranged in the form of a ring. Cycloalkanes are also saturated, meaning that all of the carbons atoms that make up the ring are single bonded to other atoms (no double or triple bonds). There are also polycyclic alkanes, which are molecules that contain two or more cycloalkanes that are joined, forming multiple rings.
For a monosubstituted cycloalkane the ring supplies the root name and the substituent group is named as usual.
If the alkyl sustituent is large and/or complex, the ring may be named as a substituent group on an alkane.
If two different substituents are present on the ring, they are listed in alphabetical order, and the first cited substituent is assigned to carbon #1.
If several substituents are present on the ring, they are listed in alphabetical order. Location numbers are assigned to the substituents so that one of them is at carbon #1 and the other locations have the lowest possible numbers
The name is assembled, listing groups in alphabetical order and giving each group (if there are two or more) a location number.